Chester Cross: History of Chester's Medieval Heart
Chester Cross stands at the historic heart of the city, marking the intersection of the four main thoroughfares that originated as Roman roads: Watergate Street, Eastgate Street, Bridge Street, and Northgate Street. This site was once the location of the Roman Principia, the military headquarters for Roman forces in Deva.
A Storied Past
The first mention of a cross at this location appears in city records from 1387. The original 14th-century structure was replaced with a new one in 1476 and was gilded in 1603. For centuries, it served as the central point for public proclamations. The site also had a grimmer purpose, housing instruments of public punishment like the pillory, whipping post, and stocks. It was even the location for bull-baiting contests and, in 1594, a gibbet was erected there to encourage good behavior among troops.
Destruction and Preservation
During the English Civil War, the cross was a rallying point for Royalist citizens. Following Chester's surrender to Parliamentary forces in 1646, the cross was deliberately destroyed. The Parliamentarians considered its depictions of saints to be "idolatrous." After its demolition, fragments were preserved by figures like Sir John Cotgreave. The base of the original 14th-century cross was salvaged and, around 1817, moved to Plas Newydd in Llangollen, North Wales, where it still resides.
A Modern Reconstruction
The Chester Cross that stands today is a Grade II listed building made largely of red sandstone, but it is not the original medieval structure. After being absent from the city center for 329 years, a reconstruction was created. Surviving medieval fragments, including the original crown and a moulded shaft-base rediscovered in the 19th century, were incorporated into a new cross. This restoration was first erected near the Newgate in 1949 before being moved to its present location, close to its original spot, in 1975.
The Cross in Modern Chester
Today, Chester High Cross is a prominent and popular meeting point in the city center. It continues its tradition as a place for public announcements, with Chester's town crier performing midday proclamations from its steps during the summer months. The area is also a lively spot for buskers, informal gatherings, and is a feature in various civic processions and events, embodying the city's connection to its layered heritage.
FAQ
Is the Chester Cross the original medieval cross?
No, the current Chester High Cross is largely a modern reconstruction from 1975. It incorporates original 14th-century fragments, but the original structure was destroyed in 1646 and was absent from the city center for 329 years.
Why was the original Chester Cross destroyed?
The cross was destroyed in 1646 by Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil War. It was a Royalist rallying point, and its images of saints were considered 'idolatrous'.
What is Chester Cross used for today?
Today, Chester Cross is a popular public meeting point. During the summer, the city's town crier makes midday proclamations from its steps, and it is a common location for buskers and civic events.
