Hippocrates Square & Castellania: Rhodes Old Town's Heart

Hippocrates Square serves as a central public space and vibrant hub within the Medieval City of Rhodes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Often an initial entry point for visitors, the square is a bustling meeting place framed by historic architecture, most notably the Castellania building on its north side.

The Historic Castellania Building

The Castellania is a two-storey structure constructed in the 16th century during the final period of Hospitaller rule. Its architecture displays a striking blend of Gothic and early Renaissance styles. Prominent features include a broad external staircase leading to an arched loggia, a fine Renaissance-style marble door surround, and a Gothic frame. This frame displays the arms of Grand Master d'Amboise, dated 1507, and those of Fra. Jacques d'Aymer de la Chevalerie. Originally, the building housed a merchant court and customs house, and potentially the Order's main courthouse.

A Square Through the Ages

Throughout its history, Hippocrates Square has been a crucial center for commerce, politics, and social life. During the era of the Knights Hospitaller, it was a strategic point for administration, and it was here that Ottoman Prince Zizim was received by Grand Master d'Aubusson in 1482. A significant speech was delivered from the Castellania's balcony by the Greek Metropolitan in 1522 to rally the populace during the Ottoman siege.

Following the Ottoman conquest, the square retained its commercial importance but acquired a new character. The Castellania underwent a dramatic transformation: its upper storey was converted into a mosque, while the ground floor became a fish market. During this period, the square was known as "Sintrivan Tzami." A devastating fire in 1924 led to its Italian-era name, "Piazza del Fuoco," and the informal local nickname, the "Burnt Square." Both the square and the Castellania were restored by Italian authorities between 1925 and 1935.

Architectural and Sensory Details

At the center of the square stands a medieval octagonal fountain, its continuously flowing water creating a soft sound amidst the activity. Originally built by the Knights, the fountain later incorporated Byzantine and Ottoman design elements, reflecting the city's layered history. The Castellania itself holds unique details, including three water spouts on its south facade sculpted into the shape of crocodiles. Inside, the building contains a remarkably preserved painted ceiling dating back to the early 16th century.

Hippocrates Square Today

Today, Hippocrates Square is an active center in Rhodes Old Town, popular with locals and tourists alike. It serves as a starting point for tours, a place for morning coffee, and a social space for families and musicians in the evenings. The square is surrounded by cafes, restaurants, and souvenir shops. In a quiet contrast to the surrounding buzz, the Castellania building now houses the Municipal Library and historical archives, contributing an intellectual presence to the square's lively rhythm.